Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells:

• Nucleus: Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, which houses the cell's genetic material (DNA).
• Membrane-bound organelles: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
• Complex structure: Eukaryotic cells are structurally more complex than prokaryotic cells.
• Multicellular or unicellular: Eukaryotic organisms can be either multicellular (e.g., plants and animals) or unicellular (e.g., some protists).
• Cytoskeleton: Eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton, which provides structural support and allows for cell movement.

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles:

Eukaryotic cells contain various organelles, each with specific functions:

1. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
2. Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration and energy production.
3. Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.
4. Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste materials.
5. Chloroplasts (in plant cells): Site of photosynthesis.
6. Centrioles (in animal cells): Involved in cell division.

Comparison with Prokaryotic Cells:

Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in several ways:

1. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.
2. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex in structure compared to prokaryotic cells.
3. Eukaryotic cells can be multicellular or unicellular, while prokaryotic cells are typically unicellular.
4. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, which are absent in prokaryotic cells.