Myelin Sheath

The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers and facilitates the transmission of electrical impulses along the nerve cells. It is composed of specialized cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.

Structure of Myelin Sheath

The myelin sheath is made up of multiple layers of cell membrane wrapped around the axon of a nerve cell. This lipid-rich structure provides insulation and support for the nerve fibers, allowing for efficient conduction of nerve impulses.

Function of Myelin Sheath

The primary function of the myelin sheath is to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission. The insulation provided by the myelin sheath prevents the leakage of electrical signals and allows the nerve impulses to travel more rapidly along the axon.

Additionally, the myelin sheath helps to protect the nerve fibers from damage and degeneration, contributing to the overall health and proper functioning of the nervous system.

Related Disorders

Disorders that affect the myelin sheath, such as multiple sclerosis, can lead to impaired nerve conduction and neurological symptoms. Understanding the structure and function of the myelin sheath is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to focus on when studying the myelin sheath:

1. Identify the cells responsible for producing the myelin sheath in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
2. Describe the structure of the myelin sheath and its role in nerve impulse transmission.
3. Explain the function of the myelin sheath in increasing the speed of nerve conduction.
4. Discuss the importance of the myelin sheath in protecting nerve fibers and its relevance to neurological disorders.

By mastering these concepts, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of the myelin sheath and its significance in the function of the nervous system.