Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a specialized type of tissue that is responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. It is made up of two main types of cells: neurons and neuroglia.

Neurons

Neurons are the primary functional unit of the nervous system. They are specialized cells that can transmit electrical and chemical signals. Neurons have three main parts: the cell body, dendrites, and axon.

• Cell body: Contains the nucleus and most of the cell's organelles.
• Dendrites: Branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.
• Axon: A long, thin extension that carries signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Neuroglia

Neuroglia, also known as glial cells, are support cells for neurons. They provide physical support, insulation, and nutrients for neurons. There are several types of neuroglia, each with specific functions.

• Astrocytes: Provide structural support and regulate the chemical environment around neurons.
• Oligodendrocytes (in the central nervous system) and Schwann cells (in the peripheral nervous system): Produce myelin, a fatty substance that insulates axons and speeds up signal transmission.
• Microglia: Act as the immune cells of the nervous system, protecting against pathogens and removing debris.
• Ependymal cells: Line the fluid-filled cavities of the brain and spinal cord, producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid.

Functions of Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is responsible for a wide range of functions, including:

• Receiving sensory input: Neurons in the sensory organs detect stimuli from the environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system.
• Integrating information: Neurons in the brain and spinal cord process and interpret sensory input, making decisions and coordinating responses.
• Initiating and conducting motor output: Neurons transmit signals to muscles and glands, resulting in specific motor responses.
• Regulating homeostasis: Nervous tissue helps maintain internal balance by regulating physiological processes such as heart rate, breathing, and body temperature.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to focus on when studying nervous tissue:

1. Understand the structure and function of neurons, including the roles of the cell body, dendrites, and axon.
2. Be familiar with the different types of neuroglia and their specific functions in supporting and protecting neurons.
3. Learn about the various functions of nervous tissue in sensory reception, integration, motor output, and homeostasis regulation.
4. Practice identifying different types of neurons and neuroglia under a microscope, if possible.
5. Explore clinical implications of nervous tissue dysfunction, such as neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injuries.

By mastering these concepts, you will gain a solid understanding of nervous tissue and its crucial role in the functioning of the nervous system.

[Nervous Tissue] Related Worksheets and Study Guides:

• The nervous systemScience • Eighth Grade