Structure of Axons

Axons are typically covered by a myelin sheath, which is made up of specialized cells called Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. These cells wrap around the axon, providing insulation and allowing for faster transmission of electrical impulses.

Function of Axons

The primary function of axons is to transmit electrical impulses, known as action potentials, from the neuron's cell body to the axon terminals. These impulses travel along the axon and can pass information to other neurons, muscles, or glands, allowing for communication within the nervous system. The myelin sheath helps to speed up the transmission of these impulses.

Study Guide for Axons

• Understand the structure of a neuron and identify the axon in a diagram.
• Learn about the role of myelin in axon function and how demyelination can impact nervous system function.
• Explore the process of action potential generation and propagation along the axon.
• Research various neurological disorders associated with axon dysfunction, such as multiple sclerosis.
• Consider the impact of axon length and diameter on nerve conduction velocity.