Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west, Australia to the east, and the Southern Ocean to the south. The Indian Ocean is known for its rich biodiversity, important trade routes, and diverse cultures along its coastlines.

Key Facts

• Area: Approximately 70.56 million square kilometers
• Major Ports: Mumbai, Chennai, Durban, Colombo, Singapore
• Important Islands: Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Marine Life: The Indian Ocean is home to a wide variety of marine species, including whales, dolphins, sharks, and colorful coral reefs.

Climate and Weather

The Indian Ocean region experiences a range of climates, from tropical in the equatorial regions to temperate in the southern reaches. The ocean's warmth contributes to the monsoon season in South Asia, which brings heavy rainfall to countries like India and Sri Lanka during the summer months.

Human Impact

The Indian Ocean has been a significant area for trade and commerce for centuries. Its coastlines are home to diverse cultures and communities that rely on the ocean for food, transportation, and economic opportunities. However, human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change have had negative impacts on the health of the Indian Ocean's ecosystems.

Study Guide

If you're studying the Indian Ocean, consider focusing on the following topics:

1. Geography: Learn about the physical features of the Indian Ocean, including its major islands, currents, and surrounding landmasses.
2. Marine Life: Explore the diverse marine ecosystems found in the Indian Ocean and the conservation efforts aimed at protecting its biodiversity.
3. Trade and Commerce: Examine the historical and contemporary importance of the Indian Ocean for global trade and the economies of the countries bordering the ocean.
4. Environmental Issues: Investigate the environmental challenges facing the Indian Ocean, such as plastic pollution, coral bleaching, and overfishing.