Ions

An ion is an atom or molecule that has a net electric charge. This charge can be positive, negative, or zero. Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.

Types of Ions

There are two main types of ions: cations and anions.

• Cations: These are positively charged ions. They are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
• Anions: These are negatively charged ions. They are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Formation of Ions

Ions are formed through the process of ionization, which involves the gain or loss of electrons by an atom or molecule.

Charges of Common Ions

Some common ions and their charges include:

• Sodium ion (Na⁺): +1 charge
• Chloride ion (Cl^-): -1 charge
• Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺): +2 charge
• Oxide ion (O^2-): -2 charge

Applications of Ions

Ions play important roles in various biological processes, such as nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and maintaining the body's pH balance.

Study Tips

When studying ions, it's important to understand the concept of electron gain or loss, as well as the charges of common ions. Practice writing the electron configurations for different ions to reinforce your understanding.