Cobalt: Overview

Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. It is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal that is commonly found in the Earth's crust. Cobalt is used in various industrial and medical applications, and it is an essential component of vitamin B12, which is important for maintaining a healthy nervous system and forming red blood cells.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Here are some key physical and chemical properties of cobalt:

• Atomic Number: 27
• Atomic Mass: 58.933195 u
• Appearance: Hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal
• Melting Point: 1,495 °C
• Boiling Point: 2,870 °C
• Density: 8.90 g/cm³
• Valence Electrons: 2, 8, 15, 2

Uses of Cobalt

Cobalt has several important uses in various industries:

• Alloys: Cobalt is commonly used in the production of high-strength alloys for use in aircraft engines, gas turbines, and industrial machinery.
• Batteries: Cobalt compounds are used in the production of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly used in electronic devices such as smartphones and laptops.
• Catalysts: Cobalt-based catalysts are used in the production of chemicals and petroleum refining processes.
• Medical Applications: Cobalt-60, a radioactive isotope of cobalt, is used in cancer treatment through a process called radiation therapy.

Environmental and Health Concerns

While cobalt is an essential element for humans and many organisms, exposure to high levels of cobalt and its compounds can be harmful. Workers in industries such as mining, smelting, and battery production may be at risk of cobalt exposure. Additionally, improper disposal of cobalt-containing materials can lead to environmental contamination.

Study Guide: Key Points to Remember

When studying cobalt, make sure to focus on the following key points:

1. The physical and chemical properties of cobalt, including its atomic number, mass, appearance, and key temperature points.
2. The uses of cobalt in various industries, such as in alloys, batteries, and medical applications.
3. The potential environmental and health concerns associated with cobalt exposure.

Test Yourself

Test your knowledge of cobalt by answering the following questions:

1. What is the atomic number of cobalt?
2. What are some common uses of cobalt in industry?
3. What are the potential health concerns associated with cobalt exposure?