Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, precious, gray-white transition metal. Platinum is found in its pure form and also alloyed with other metals, such as iridium or ruthenium. It has a variety of uses, including in jewelry, catalytic converters, electrical contacts, and laboratory equipment.

Physical and Chemical Properties

• Atomic number: 78
• Atomic symbol: Pt
• Atomic weight: 195.08
• Density: 21.45 g/cm³
• Melting point: 1,768.3°C
• Boiling point: 3,825°C
• Hardness (Mohs scale): 4-4.5
• Chemical properties: Platinum is resistant to corrosion and oxidation, and it is a good conductor of electricity.

Occurrence and Extraction

Platinum is found in its pure form in alluvial deposits, as well as in nickel and copper ores. The extraction of platinum involves a complex process of mining, crushing, milling, flotation, and smelting. The metal is then separated and purified through various chemical and physical processes.

Uses

Platinum has several important uses, including:

• Manufacturing of jewelry and other decorative items
• Production of catalytic converters for vehicles
• Electrical contacts in electronic devices
• Laboratory equipment, including crucibles and electrodes
• Chemical and petrochemical applications

Study Guide

When studying platinum, it is important to focus on its physical and chemical properties, its occurrence in nature, extraction processes, and its various uses in industry and everyday life. Additionally, understanding its role as a catalyst in chemical reactions and its resistance to corrosion and oxidation is crucial. It may also be helpful to explore the history of platinum, its cultural significance, and the economic impact of its mining and production.

Consider conducting experiments or demonstrations to observe the unique properties of platinum, such as its resistance to corrosion and its behavior in different chemical reactions. This hands-on approach can deepen your understanding of this fascinating element.

Finally, familiarize yourself with the environmental and ethical considerations related to platinum mining and usage, as well as any current research and developments in the field of platinum-based materials and technologies.