Homo Erectus

Homo erectus is an extinct species of archaic human that lived between 2 million and 100,000 years ago. They are believed to be the first hominin species to have migrated out of Africa, spreading to parts of Asia and Europe. Here is a study guide to help you understand Homo erectus in more detail.

Physical Characteristics

Homo erectus had a larger braincase and smaller teeth compared to earlier hominin species. They also had a more modern human-like body shape, with long legs and shorter arms. Their average height was around 5.9 to 6.2 feet, and they had a robust build.

Behavior

Homo erectus was the first hominin species to use fire, creating and controlling it for various purposes such as cooking food and providing warmth. They were also skilled hunters and toolmakers, using Acheulean handaxes and cleavers for butchering animals and other activities.

Migrations

Homo erectus is known for its widespread migration out of Africa, reaching as far as Southeast Asia and China. This expansion is believed to be facilitated by their ability to adapt to different environments and their mastery of fire, which provided warmth and protection.

Relationship to Modern Humans

Homo erectus is considered a direct ancestor of modern humans. Their advanced toolmaking abilities, control of fire, and ability to adapt to diverse environments laid the foundation for the success of later human species.

Study Tips

1. Study the physical characteristics of Homo erectus and how they differ from earlier hominin species.
2. Understand the behavioral adaptations of Homo erectus, particularly their use of fire and toolmaking skills.
3. Explore the migration patterns of Homo erectus and their impact on human evolution.
4. Compare and contrast Homo erectus with modern humans to understand their evolutionary significance.