Homo neanderthalensis

Homo neanderthalensis, also known as Neanderthals, were a species or subspecies within the genus Homo that inhabited Eurasia from about 400,000 to 40,000 years ago. They are our closest extinct human relative, and their DNA has been found to overlap with the DNA of modern humans.

Physical Characteristics

Neanderthals had a robust build, with a stocky and muscular body. They had a larger brain capacity than modern humans, and their skull was elongated with a prominent brow ridge. They also had a large nose and strong jaw.

Lifestyle

Neanderthals were hunter-gatherers and lived in small, kin-based groups. They used tools made of stone, bone, and wood, and evidence suggests that they had complex social structures and cared for their sick and elderly.

Extinction

The reasons for the extinction of Neanderthals are still debated, but factors such as climate change, competition with modern humans, and possible interbreeding with modern humans are thought to have contributed to their demise.

Study Tips

• Understand the physical characteristics of Neanderthals and how they compare to modern humans.
• Learn about the lifestyle of Neanderthals, including their tools, social structures, and hunting practices.
• Explore the theories about the extinction of Neanderthals and the possible interactions with early modern humans.
• Review the latest research on Neanderthals and their genetic relationship to modern humans.

By understanding the unique characteristics and lifestyle of Homo neanderthalensis, we gain valuable insights into the evolutionary history of our own species.