Tundra Ecosystem

The tundra is a type of biome characterized by low temperatures, short growing seasons, and limited vegetation. It is found in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, as well as at high altitudes in mountain ranges.

Climate

The tundra has a cold and dry climate. The temperatures are extremely low, with an average annual temperature of -18°C. The short summer season lasts only for a few months, during which the top layer of soil thaws and allows plants to grow. The rest of the year, the ground is frozen, and the region is covered in snow and ice.

Vegetation

Due to the harsh climate, the tundra has limited vegetation. Plants that can survive in these conditions are low-growing and include mosses, lichens, grasses, and small shrubs. Trees are mostly absent due to the permafrost, which prevents deep root growth.

Animal Adaptations

Animals in the tundra have adapted to survive in the cold and harsh conditions. Some common tundra animals include caribou, Arctic foxes, polar bears, and migratory birds. These animals have thick fur or feathers to insulate them from the cold and often migrate to warmer areas during the winter.

Human Impact

Human activities such as oil drilling, mining, and tourism can have a significant impact on the tundra ecosystem. These activities can disrupt the delicate balance of the tundra and threaten the survival of its unique plant and animal species.

Study Guide

1. Describe the climate of the tundra and how it influences the vegetation.
2. Explain the concept of permafrost and its impact on the tundra ecosystem.
3. Discuss the adaptations of animals in the tundra and how they survive in such harsh conditions.
4. Explore the human impact on the tundra and its potential consequences for the ecosystem.

[Tundra] Related Worksheets and Study Guides:

• Cycles of life and BiomesScience • Fifth Grade