Acid-Base Balance

Acid-base balance refers to the homeostasis of hydrogen ion concentration in the body's fluids, including blood and extracellular fluid. The balance between acid and base (alkaline) in the body is crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions.

Key Concepts:

• pH Scale: The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, while pH values below 7 are acidic and pH values above 7 are alkaline.
• Buffer Systems: Buffer systems in the body help regulate and maintain the pH of bodily fluids. The main buffer systems include the bicarbonate buffer system, protein buffer system, and phosphate buffer system.
• Respiratory Regulation: The lungs play a key role in regulating acid-base balance by controlling the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. Increased CO2 levels lead to acidosis, while decreased CO2 levels lead to alkalosis.
• Renal Regulation: The kidneys help maintain acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions. They also produce ammonium ions to buffer acids and regulate pH.
• Acid-Base Disorders: Imbalances in acid-base regulation can lead to acidosis (low pH) or alkalosis (high pH), which can have serious physiological consequences if not corrected.

Study Tips:

Here are some tips for studying acid-base balance:

1. Understand the pH scale and how it relates to acidity and alkalinity.
2. Learn the major buffer systems in the body and their role in maintaining pH.
3. Review the mechanisms of respiratory and renal regulation of acid-base balance.
4. Practice identifying and analyzing acid-base disorders and their causes.
5. Use diagrams and visual aids to understand the processes involved in acid-base balance.
6. Quiz yourself on different scenarios of acid-base imbalances and their effects on the body.

Remember to consult your textbook and class notes for more in-depth information on acid-base balance.