Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet. It includes water in the form of liquid, solid, and vapor. This includes the oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and the water vapor in the atmosphere.

Components of the Hydrosphere

• Oceans: The largest bodies of saltwater, covering about 71% of the Earth's surface.
• Rivers and Lakes: Bodies of freshwater, found on the Earth's surface.
• Groundwater: Water that is stored underground in soil and rock layers.
• Glaciers and Ice caps: Frozen water found at the Earth's poles and in mountainous regions.
• Water Vapor: Gaseous form of water present in the Earth's atmosphere.

Functions of the Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth. It regulates the Earth's climate, supports a diverse range of ecosystems, and provides a source of drinking water for humans and other organisms.

Environmental Issues Related to the Hydrosphere

Human activities such as pollution, over-extraction of water resources, and climate change are impacting the hydrosphere. This has led to issues such as water scarcity, pollution of water bodies, and disruption of aquatic ecosystems.

Study Guide

1. Define the hydrosphere and list its major components.
2. Explain the importance of the hydrosphere in supporting life on Earth.
3. Discuss the environmental issues related to the hydrosphere and their impact.
4. Describe the water cycle and its role in the hydrosphere.
5. Research a specific case of water pollution and its effects on the environment and human health.