Fluorine
Fluorine is a chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. Here's a detailed study guide for the topic "fluorine":
Basic Information
- Symbol: F
- Atomic Number: 9
- Physical State at Room Temperature: Gas
- Group: 17 (halogens)
- Period: 2
- Block: p-block
Atomic and Chemical Properties
- Atomic Mass: 18.998 u
- Electron Configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p5
- Valence Electrons: 7
- Common Oxidation States: -1
- Electronegativity: 3.98 (Pauling scale)
- Common Compounds: Hydrofluoric acid (HF), Fluorite (CaF2), Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene)
Physical Properties
- Color: Pale yellow
- Odor: Strong, pungent
- Melting Point: -219.67°C
- Boiling Point: -188.11°C
- Density: 1.696 g/L
Chemical Reactions
Fluorine is the most electronegative element and is highly reactive. It readily forms compounds with nearly all other elements. Some common reactions involving fluorine include:
- Formation of hydrofluoric acid from fluorine and water
- Reaction with metals to form metal fluorides
- Combustion in the presence of hydrogen to form hydrogen fluoride
- Reaction with carbon to form carbon tetrafluoride
Uses
Fluorine and its compounds have various industrial applications, including:
- Production of fluorocarbons and fluoropolymers for use in refrigeration and non-stick coatings
- Fluoridation of water to prevent tooth decay
- Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals
- Etching and cleaning in the semiconductor industry
Studying fluorine in detail will provide you with a strong foundation in understanding the properties and reactivity of halogens. It's important to handle fluorine and its compounds with caution due to their toxic and reactive nature.
[Fluorine] Related Worksheets and Study Guides:
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Worksheet/Answer keyWorksheet/Answer keyThe resources above cover the following skills:
Concepts of Physical Science (SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4)
The student demonstrates an understanding of the structure and properties of matter by describing atoms and their base components (i.e., protons, neutrons, electrons).
The student demonstrates an understanding of the interactions between matter and energy and the effects of these interactions on systems by recognizing that atoms emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation.
Concepts of Physical Science (SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4)
The student demonstrates an understanding of the structure and properties of matter by using the periodic table to describe atoms in terms of their base components (i.e., protons, neutrons, electrons).