Archaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of material culture. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines aspects of anthropology, history, and science to understand the past through the examination of artifacts, architecture, biofacts, and cultural landscapes.
An artifact is any object made or modified by humans, such as tools, pottery, and jewelry. Archaeologists study artifacts to understand human behavior and societal development.
Excavation is the process of carefully uncovering and documenting archaeological sites and remains. It involves the systematic removal of soil and other materials to reveal and preserve artifacts and features.
Stratigraphy is the study of rock layers (strata) and the way in which they form. It is a fundamental concept in archaeology for understanding the relative chronology of artifacts and features within a site.
Archaeologists use various dating methods, such as radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence, and dendrochronology, to determine the age of artifacts and sites, providing a chronological framework for understanding human history.
Archaeologists are involved in the preservation, interpretation, and management of cultural heritage sites to ensure their protection and accessibility to the public.