Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west, Australia to the east, and the Southern Ocean to the south. The Indian Ocean is known for its rich biodiversity, important trade routes, and diverse cultures along its coastlines.

Physical Features

The Indian Ocean has several significant physical features, including the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Andaman Sea. It also contains numerous islands, such as the Maldives, Seychelles, and Madagascar.

Trade and Commerce

The Indian Ocean has historically been an important region for trade and commerce, connecting the economies of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Major trade routes, such as the Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road, have facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures across the Indian Ocean.

Environmental Importance

The Indian Ocean is home to diverse marine life, including coral reefs, whales, dolphins, and a wide variety of fish species. However, it faces environmental challenges such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change, which affect the health of the ocean and its ecosystems.

Geopolitical Significance

The Indian Ocean holds geopolitical importance due to its strategic location and valuable resources. It has been a site of competition and cooperation among countries seeking to secure maritime trade routes, energy resources, and geopolitical influence.

Study Guide

• What are the major physical features of the Indian Ocean?
• How has the Indian Ocean historically facilitated trade and commerce?
• What are some of the environmental challenges facing the Indian Ocean?
• Why is the Indian Ocean geopolitically significant?