Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an essential element for human health and is found in many foods, especially table salt (sodium chloride).

Properties of Sodium

Atomic number: 11
Symbol: Na
Atomic mass: 22.989769 u
Physical state at room temperature: Solid
Color: Silvery-white
Highly reactive: Sodium is highly reactive and must be stored in mineral oil to prevent reaction with moisture in the air.

Chemical Properties

Sodium is a highly reactive metal and is never found in its elemental form in nature due to its high reactivity. It readily forms compounds with other elements, especially with chlorine to form sodium chloride (table salt).

Common Uses of Sodium

Sodium has numerous industrial and commercial applications, including:

Manufacturing of chemicals such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
As a coolant in nuclear reactors (in the form of sodium-potassium alloy).
In the production of soaps and detergents.
As a component in some types of batteries.
As a de-icing agent for roads and sidewalks.

Health Implications

Sodium is an essential mineral for the human body, playing a key role in maintaining proper fluid balance and nerve function. However, excessive sodium intake, often in the form of table salt, has been linked to high blood pressure and other health issues. It is important to consume sodium in moderation as part of a healthy diet.

Study Guide

To study sodium effectively, you should focus on the following key points:

Understand the basic properties of sodium, including its atomic number, symbol, and physical characteristics.
Learn about the reactivity of sodium and its common compounds, particularly sodium chloride.
Explore the industrial and commercial uses of sodium, and its significance in various products and processes.
Examine the role of sodium in human health and the potential consequences of excessive sodium consumption.

By mastering these aspects of sodium, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of this essential element and its significance in both the natural world and human society.