Stratovolcanoes

A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. These volcanoes are typically steep-sided, symmetrical cones of large dimension built up by successive eruptions of viscous lava, tephra, and volcanic ash.

Formation

Stratovolcanoes form from explosive eruptions that produce lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and ash. The alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material create the characteristic shape of stratovolcanoes.

Characteristics

• Steep-sided cone shape
• Large dimension
• Viscous lava
• Alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material

Examples of Stratovolcanoes

Some well-known stratovolcanoes include Mount St. Helens in the United States, Mount Fuji in Japan, and Mount Vesuvius in Italy.

Study Guide

1. Describe the formation of stratovolcanoes.
2. Explain the characteristics of stratovolcanoes.
3. Name and describe at least two examples of stratovolcanoes.
4. Compare and contrast stratovolcanoes with shield volcanoes.
5. Discuss the potential hazards associated with stratovolcanoes and their impact on the surrounding environment.