Butane

Butane is a hydrocarbon compound with the molecular formula C₄H₁₀. It belongs to the alkane family, which consists of saturated hydrocarbons. Butane is a flammable gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Structure

Butane has a linear structure, with four carbon atoms linked together in a straight chain. Each carbon atom forms four single covalent bonds with hydrogen atoms, resulting in a tetrahedral geometry around each carbon atom. The structural formula of butane is CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃.

Physical Properties

• Molecular Weight: 58.12 g/mol
• Boiling Point: -0.5 °C
• Melting Point: -138.4 °C
• Density: 2.48 kg/m³
• Odor: Odorless

Chemical Properties

Butane undergoes combustion reactions to produce carbon dioxide and water. The general equation for the combustion of butane is:

C₄H₁₀ + 6O₂ → 4CO₂ + 5H₂O

Butane can also undergo halogenation reactions in the presence of halogen gases such as chlorine or bromine, resulting in the substitution of hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.

Uses

Butane is commonly used as a fuel in portable stoves, lighters, and torches due to its high energy content and clean combustion. It is also utilized as a propellant in aerosol sprays and as a refrigerant in household and commercial refrigeration systems.

Precautions

When handling butane, it is important to take precautions due to its flammability. It should be stored and used in well-ventilated areas, and contact with open flames or sparks should be avoided.