Steroids

Steroids are a class of organic compounds that have a specific molecular structure consisting of four rings of carbon atoms. They are naturally produced in the body and can also be synthetically produced. Steroids have a wide range of biological functions, including roles in the immune system, regulation of metabolism, and control of inflammation.

Natural Steroids

In the body, steroids are produced in the adrenal glands, gonads, and some other tissues. These natural steroids include cholesterol, which is a precursor to steroid hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol. These hormones play crucial roles in the body's growth, development, and overall functioning.

Synthetic Steroids

Synthetic steroids, also known as corticosteroids, are man-made versions of natural steroids. They are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and treat conditions such as asthma, arthritis, and certain skin conditions. Anabolic steroids, another type of synthetic steroids, are often misused by athletes and bodybuilders to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance.

Chemical Structure

The chemical structure of steroids consists of four fused rings: three cyclohexane rings (labeled A, B, and C) and one cyclopentane ring (labeled D). This unique arrangement gives steroids their characteristic shape and properties. The functional groups attached to the rings determine the specific type and function of the steroid.

Biological Functions

Steroids have diverse biological functions. They can act as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression, modulate the immune response, and control metabolic processes. For example, glucocorticoids such as cortisol regulate glucose metabolism and have anti-inflammatory effects, while sex steroids such as testosterone and estrogen are involved in reproductive functions and secondary sexual characteristics.

Study Guide

Define steroids and describe their molecular structure.
Explain the difference between natural and synthetic steroids, and provide examples of each.
Discuss the biological functions of steroids in the body, including the roles of specific steroid hormones.
Describe the potential medical uses of synthetic steroids, as well as the risks associated with their misuse.
Research and present a case study on a specific steroid hormone and its impact on health and/or disease.

◂Chemistry Worksheets and Study Guides High School. Elements - Set I

The resources above cover the following skills:

PHYSICAL SCIENCE (NGSS)

Matter and Its Interactions

Students who demonstrate understanding can:

Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

Plan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.