Ionic Bonds

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs between a metal and a non-metal. It involves the transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal, resulting in the formation of ions.

Key Concepts

1. Electron Transfer: In an ionic bond, the metal atom loses electrons to form a positively charged ion (cation), while the non-metal atom gains those electrons to form a negatively charged ion (anion).
2. Electrostatic Attraction: The oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, forming an ionic bond.
3. Crystal Lattice: Ionic compounds often form a crystal lattice structure due to the strong attraction between the positively and negatively charged ions.
4. Properties: Ionic compounds tend to have high melting and boiling points, are soluble in water, and conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted.

Study Tips

• Understand Electron Transfer: Practice writing electron dot diagrams to visualize the transfer of electrons in ionic bonding.
• Learn Ionic Formulas: Memorize the charges of common ions and practice writing formulas for ionic compounds based on the charges of the ions.
• Explore Properties: Study the physical properties of ionic compounds and understand the reasons behind their high melting points and ability to conduct electricity.
• Practice Naming: Practice naming ionic compounds and writing their chemical formulas to reinforce your understanding of their composition.

Examples

Example 1: Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Example 2: Calcium Oxide (CaO)

Example 3: Magnesium Nitride (Mg3N2)