Adrenal Glands

The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. They are part of the endocrine system and play a crucial role in producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions.

Adrenal Cortex

The adrenal cortex produces several important hormones:

• Cortisol: This hormone helps regulate metabolism, reduce inflammation, and control the body's response to stress.
• Aldosterone: Aldosterone helps regulate blood pressure by controlling the balance of salt and water in the body.
• Androgens: These are male sex hormones that are produced in small amounts in both men and women.

Adrenal Medulla

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), which are released in response to stress and play a key role in the body's "fight or flight" response.

Study Guide

Key concepts to understand about the adrenal glands:

• Function: The adrenal glands regulate metabolism, blood pressure, the stress response, and the "fight or flight" response.
• Hormones: The adrenal cortex produces cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens, while the adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline.
• Stress Response: Adrenaline and noradrenaline prepare the body to respond to stress.
• Disorders: Disorders of the adrenal glands can lead to conditions such as Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease.