Glaciers: Explanation and Study Guide

Glaciers are large, persistent bodies of ice that move under their own weight. They form in areas where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, resulting in the compaction and recrystallization of snow into ice. Glaciers can be found on every continent except Australia and are a vital component of the Earth's hydrological cycle.

Formation of Glaciers

Glaciers form through the gradual accumulation and compaction of snow. Over time, the weight of overlying snow compresses the lower layers, causing them to recrystallize into ice. This process results in the formation of glaciers, which can range in size from small ice patches to massive ice sheets.

Types of Glaciers

There are two main types of glaciers: alpine glaciers and ice sheets. Alpine glaciers form in mountainous regions and flow downhill through valleys, while ice sheets cover vast areas of land, such as Greenland and Antarctica.

Movement of Glaciers

Glaciers move due to the force of gravity and the internal deformation of ice. This movement can result in the erosion and deposition of sediments, shaping the landscape over time. Glacial movement can also lead to the formation of features such as moraines, cirques, and U-shaped valleys.

Study Guide

Here are some key topics to focus on when studying glaciers:

1. The formation process of glaciers
2. The different types of glaciers and their characteristics
3. The movement of glaciers and its impact on the landscape
4. Glacial erosion and deposition features
5. The role of glaciers in the Earth's climate system