The Jurassic Period is the second of three periods of the Mesozoic Era, which is often referred to as the "Age of Dinosaurs." It lasted from approximately 201 to 145 million years ago. The Jurassic Period is known for its diverse and abundant dinosaurs, as well as the emergence of early birds, mammals, and flowering plants.
The supercontinent Pangaea began to break apart during the Jurassic Period, leading to the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. This period was marked by the presence of large shallow seas in many parts of the world, which allowed for the deposition of thick layers of limestone, sandstone, and shale.
The climate during the Jurassic Period was generally warm and humid, with lush coastal plains and tropical forests. However, there were fluctuations in climate due to changes in sea levels and volcanic activity.
The Jurassic Period saw the dominance of dinosaurs such as the long-necked sauropods, theropods, and ornithopods. Marine reptiles like ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs flourished in the seas, while pterosaurs ruled the skies. Plant life became more diverse, with the appearance of conifers, ginkgoes, and early flowering plants.