Liquids

A liquid is one of the four fundamental states of matter, along with solid, gas, and plasma. In a liquid, the particles are close together but can move past each other, allowing the substance to flow and take the shape of its container. Liquids have a definite volume, but no definite shape.

Properties of Liquids

• Viscosity: Viscosity is the measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. High viscosity liquids flow slowly (like honey), while low viscosity liquids flow quickly (like water).
• Surface Tension: Surface tension is the cohesive force that holds the surface molecules of a liquid together. It allows some insects, like water striders, to walk on water.
• Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas at a given pressure.
• Freezing Point: The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid at a given pressure.
• Density: The mass of a substance per unit volume. Liquids are typically denser than gases, but less dense than solids.

Examples of Liquids

Common examples of liquids include water, milk, juice, oil, and alcohol. Each of these substances has its own unique properties, but all share the ability to flow and take the shape of their container.

Study Guide

1. What are the four fundamental states of matter?
2. Describe the particle arrangement in a liquid.
3. Explain the concept of viscosity and provide examples of high and low viscosity liquids.
4. Define surface tension and give an example of an everyday phenomenon caused by surface tension.
5. What is the boiling point of a liquid?
6. How does the density of a liquid compare to that of a solid and a gas?
7. List three common examples of liquids and describe their unique properties.

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