Stomata: Structure and Function

Stomata are tiny openings found on the surface of leaves and stems of plants. They are surrounded by two specialized cells called guard cells. These openings play a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis and gas exchange in plants.

Structure of Stomata

Stomata consist of two bean-shaped guard cells that surround the pore. The guard cells have a thicker inner wall and a thinner outer wall. When the guard cells take in water, they swell and cause the stomatal pore to open. Conversely, when they lose water, they shrink, causing the pore to close.

Function of Stomata

Stomata play a vital role in the exchange of gases involved in photosynthesis and respiration. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide enters the leaf through stomata, while oxygen exits. Additionally, water vapor is also released through stomata in a process called transpiration, which helps to regulate the water content and temperature of the plant.

Regulation of Stomata

Stomatal opening and closing are regulated by various factors such as light, carbon dioxide levels, humidity, and plant hormones. For instance, during the day, when light is available for photosynthesis, stomata open to allow the entry of carbon dioxide. At night, they close to conserve water and prevent excessive water loss.

Study Guide

1. Describe the structure of stomata and the role of guard cells.
2. Explain the function of stomata in the process of photosynthesis and gas exchange.
3. Discuss the factors that regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
4. Compare and contrast the roles of stomata in carbon dioxide uptake and water vapor release.

Understanding the structure and function of stomata is essential for comprehending the intricate processes that occur within plant cells. Be sure to review the study guide questions and practice diagrams of stomata to solidify your understanding of this important topic.

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