Properties of Potassium Hydroxide

Potassium hydroxide is a white, deliquescent solid at room temperature, meaning it readily absorbs water vapor from the air and dissolves in it. It is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns upon contact with skin. Additionally, it is soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerol. In its pure form, it is odorless, but it can have a bitter taste.

Chemical Reactions

Potassium hydroxide readily reacts with acids to form salts and water in a process known as neutralization. It also reacts with fats and oils in a process called saponification, which is the basis for soap-making. When dissolved in water, it undergoes dissociation to produce hydroxide ions, making it a strong alkali. Additionally, it can react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas.

Industrial and Scientific Uses

Due to its strong basic properties, potassium hydroxide is used in various industrial applications, such as in the production of biodiesel, as a cleaning agent, and in the manufacture of potassium-based chemicals. In the laboratory, it is used as a reagent in several chemical processes, including the synthesis of organic compounds and the determination of acidity in solutions.

Health and Safety

Handling potassium hydroxide requires strict adherence to safety protocols. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances, and protective equipment, including goggles, gloves, and a lab coat, should be worn when working with it. In case of skin contact, the affected area should be immediately flushed with water, and medical attention sought if necessary.

Study Guide

1. What is the chemical formula for potassium hydroxide?
2. Describe the physical properties of potassium hydroxide.
3. Explain the chemical reactions that potassium hydroxide can undergo.
4. What are some industrial and scientific uses of potassium hydroxide?
5. Discuss the health and safety considerations when handling potassium hydroxide.