Catalysts

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. Catalysts work by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy, allowing the reaction to occur more readily.

Types of Catalysts

There are two main types of catalysts: homogeneous and heterogeneous.

• Homogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants. They are often dissolved in a solvent and can participate directly in the reaction.
• Heterogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts are in a different phase from the reactants. They are often solid surfaces on which the reactants adsorb and where the reaction takes place.

Importance of Catalysts

Catalysts are important in many industrial processes as they can speed up reactions, reduce energy consumption, and enable the production of desired products. They are also crucial in biological systems, where enzymes act as catalysts for various biochemical reactions.

Study Guide

1. What is a catalyst and how does it work in chemical reactions?
2. Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
3. Explain the importance of catalysts in industrial and biological processes.
4. Provide examples of common catalysts and the reactions they facilitate.