Commensalism

Commensalism is a type of ecological relationship between two species in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. This means that one organism, known as the commensal, benefits from the relationship, while the other organism, known as the host, is unaffected.

Examples of Commensalism

1. Barnacles on Whales: Barnacles attach themselves to the skin of whales, gaining a place to live and feed. The whales are not significantly affected by the presence of the barnacles.

2. Epiphytic Plants: Epiphytic plants, such as orchids, attach themselves to trees and obtain nutrients from the air and rain. The trees are not harmed by the presence of the epiphytic plants.

Study Guide

When studying commensalism, it's important to understand the following key points:

1. Definition: Understand the definition of commensalism and be able to differentiate it from other ecological relationships such as mutualism and parasitism.
2. Examples: Be able to provide specific examples of commensalism in nature and explain how each organism benefits or is unaffected.
3. Role of Organisms: Understand the roles of the commensal and the host in a commensal relationship and how each organism is affected (or not affected).
4. Significance: Understand the ecological significance of commensalism and how it contributes to the overall balance of ecosystems.

By mastering these key points, you will develop a strong understanding of commensalism and its role in the natural world.

Good luck with your studies!

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• The Evolution and interaction of Living ThingsScience • Eighth Grade