Homo Erectus

Homo erectus is an extinct species of archaic humans that lived throughout the Pleistocene epoch. They are believed to have appeared around 2 million years ago and became extinct around 140,000 years ago. Homo erectus is an important species in the human evolutionary tree and is known for being the first to have migrated out of Africa.

Physical Characteristics

• Cranial capacity larger than that of Homo habilis
• Thick skull bones
• Prominent brow ridges
• Shorter arms and longer legs compared to earlier hominins

Behavior and Culture

• Use of fire for cooking and warmth
• Development of more sophisticated stone tools, such as hand axes
• Likely lived in small social groups
• Evidence of hunting and butchering of large animals

Migration

Homo erectus is known for being the first hominin species to migrate out of Africa and populate other parts of the world, including Asia and Europe. This migration is believed to have taken place around 1.8 million years ago.

Study Guide

To study Homo erectus, consider focusing on the following key points:

1. Physical characteristics that distinguish Homo erectus from earlier hominin species
2. Evidence of tool use and cultural advancements
3. The significance of Homo erectus in human migration out of Africa
4. Theories about the extinction of Homo erectus

Additionally, be familiar with important archaeological sites where Homo erectus remains have been discovered, such as Zhoukoudian in China and Dmanisi in Georgia.