Structure of the Larynx

• Epiglottis: A flap of elastic cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the airway.
• Vocal Cords: Two pairs of folds made of mucous membrane and muscle tissue that are essential for speech production.
• Thyroid Cartilage: Also known as the Adam's apple, this is the largest cartilage in the larynx and forms the front of the larynx.
• Cricoid Cartilage: A ring-shaped cartilage located just below the thyroid cartilage, providing structure and support to the larynx.
• Arytenoid Cartilages: These small, pyramid-shaped cartilages are connected to the vocal cords and play a crucial role in controlling vocal cord tension and position.

Function of the Larynx

• Sound Production: The vocal cords vibrate as air passes through, producing sound that can be manipulated to create speech and other vocalizations.
• Protection: The larynx helps protect the lower airway by closing off during swallowing, preventing food and liquids from entering the trachea.
• Breathing: The larynx plays a role in regulating airflow during breathing, helping to control the volume and speed of air entering and exiting the lungs.

Common Laryngeal Conditions

• Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx, often caused by viral or bacterial infections, overuse of the voice, or exposure to irritants.
• Vocal Cord Nodules/Polyps: Noncancerous growths on the vocal cords, often caused by vocal abuse or misuse.
• Laryngeal Cancer: The development of cancerous cells in the tissues of the larynx, often linked to smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and exposure to certain chemicals.

Study Guide for the Larynx

1. Understand the structure of the larynx, including the roles and functions of each component.
2. Explore the mechanisms involved in sound production and vocal cord function.
3. Examine the connection between the larynx and speech production, as well as the impact of laryngeal conditions on vocal quality.
4. Learn about the protective functions of the larynx, particularly in relation to swallowing and airway protection.
5. Investigate common laryngeal conditions, their causes, symptoms, and potential treatments.