Methods of Navigation

1. Celestial Navigation: This method involves using the sun, moon, stars, or planets to determine a position. Navigators use a sextant to measure the angle between a celestial body and the horizon.
2. GPS (Global Positioning System): GPS relies on a network of satellites to provide location and time information anywhere on or near the Earth. This method is widely used in modern navigation systems.
3. Dead Reckoning: Dead reckoning is the process of estimating one's current position based on a previously determined position, and advancing that position based upon known or estimated speeds over elapsed time and course.

Study Guide for Navigation:

Key Concepts:

• Latitude and longitude
• Celestial bodies and their movements
• Understanding GPS technology
• Calculating speed, time, and distance for dead reckoning

Skills to Develop:

• Using a sextant for celestial navigation
• Interpreting GPS coordinates and maps
• Applying mathematical calculations for dead reckoning

Practice Questions:

1. Explain the concept of latitude and longitude and how they are used in navigation.
2. Describe the process of using a sextant for celestial navigation.
3. Discuss the advantages and limitations of GPS for navigation.
4. Calculate the estimated position of a ship using dead reckoning, given its initial position, speed, and time elapsed.