Prolactin

Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. It plays a vital role in the female body, especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, it also has functions in both males and non-pregnant females.

Functions of Prolactin

• Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands
• Regulates the menstrual cycle and ovulation in women
• Contributes to the immune system and behavior
• Plays a role in metabolism and water regulation

Regulation of Prolactin Levels

Prolactin levels are primarily regulated by the hypothalamus, which releases a hormone called dopamine to inhibit prolactin production. However, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, the inhibition is reduced, leading to an increase in prolactin levels.

Disorders Related to Prolactin

Abnormal levels of prolactin can lead to various health issues, including:

• Hyperprolactinemia: Excess prolactin production, which can cause infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, and milk production in non-pregnant or non-breastfeeding women
• Hypoprolactinemia: Low levels of prolactin, which may lead to difficulties in breastfeeding

Study Tips

To effectively study prolactin, consider the following tips:

1. Understand the role of prolactin in lactation and its interaction with other hormones, such as oxytocin
2. Explore the feedback mechanisms that regulate prolactin production
3. Review the impact of prolactin on reproductive health and its potential implications for fertility
4. Examine the disorders associated with abnormal prolactin levels and their respective symptoms and treatments