Shield Volcanoes

Shield volcanoes are a type of volcano characterized by their low, broad profile, resembling a warrior's shield. They are formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava that flows easily and travels long distances before solidifying. This lava forms thin layers that gradually build up the gentle slopes of the shield volcano over time.

Formation

Shield volcanoes are formed through the accumulation of numerous lava flows. As the lava erupts from a vent, it spreads out in all directions, creating a broad, shield-like shape. These volcanoes are typically built over hot spots or divergent plate boundaries, where magma is able to reach the surface more easily.

Characteristics

• Low, broad profile
• Gentle slopes
• Formed by basaltic lava flows
• Often found in areas with hot spots or divergent plate boundaries
• Can reach enormous sizes, such as Mauna Loa in Hawaii

Examples

Some well-known shield volcanoes include Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea in Hawaii, as well as the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember when studying shield volcanoes:

1. What type of lava forms shield volcanoes?
2. Where are shield volcanoes typically found?
3. What are the main characteristics of shield volcanoes?
4. Give examples of famous shield volcanoes.
5. How do shield volcanoes differ from other types of volcanoes?