Mitochondria

The mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because of their role in producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria are essential for various cellular processes, including respiration, metabolism, and regulation of apoptosis.

Structure of Mitochondria

Each mitochondrion is composed of an outer membrane, an inner membrane, intermembrane space, and matrix. The inner membrane has numerous folds called cristae, which increase its surface area and provide a site for ATP production. The matrix contains enzymes necessary for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid oxidation, among other metabolic processes.

Function of Mitochondria

The primary function of mitochondria is to generate ATP through aerobic respiration. This process involves the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain. Mitochondria also play a role in regulating cellular metabolism, calcium signaling, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Study Guide

1. Describe the structure of mitochondria and its components.
2. Explain the role of mitochondria in ATP production and cellular respiration.
3. Discuss the significance of mitochondria in cellular metabolism and apoptosis.
4. Compare and contrast the structure and function of mitochondria with other cell organelles.