Carboniferous Period

The Carboniferous Period, which spanned from approximately 359 to 299 million years ago, is known for the widespread formation of coal deposits. This era was marked by significant geological, climatic, and biological events that had a lasting impact on the Earth's history.

Geological Events

During the Carboniferous Period, the supercontinent Pangaea was forming, as landmasses came together to create a single large landmass. The collision of continents led to the formation of mountain ranges, including the Appalachian Mountains in North America and the Variscan Mountains in Europe.

Climatic Conditions

The Carboniferous Period was characterized by a warm and humid climate, with vast swampy forests covering much of the land. The high levels of atmospheric oxygen during this time supported the growth of large, oxygen-hungry organisms such as insects and amphibians.

Biological Diversity

The Carboniferous Period saw the emergence of early reptiles and the diversification of amphibians. The dense forests were home to a variety of plant life, including lycopsids, horsetails, and tree ferns. These plants would eventually become the primary source of carbon-rich material that formed the coal deposits for which this period is known.

Study Guide

1. What geological events occurred during the Carboniferous Period?
2. Describe the climatic conditions of the Carboniferous Period.
3. What were the key features of the biological diversity during the Carboniferous Period?
4. Explain the significance of the coal deposits formed during this era.

Studying the Carboniferous Period provides insights into the Earth's ancient history, the evolution of plant and animal life, and the formation of valuable natural resources.