Glucose

Glucose is a type of sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for the body's cells. It is a simple carbohydrate that is produced during the process of photosynthesis in plants and is a key component of many foods, including fruits, vegetables, and honey.

Structure of Glucose

Glucose is a monosaccharide, meaning it is composed of a single sugar molecule. Its chemical formula is C₆H₁₂O₆, indicating that it contains six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms.

Functions of Glucose

Glucose plays a crucial role in the body's metabolism, providing energy for various cellular processes. It is transported through the bloodstream and taken up by cells, where it undergoes cellular respiration to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of the cell.

Regulation of Glucose Levels

The body tightly regulates the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream through the action of hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps lower blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells, while glucagon, also produced by the pancreas, raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the release of glucose from the liver.

Study Guide

1. What is the chemical formula of glucose?
2. Explain the role of glucose in cellular metabolism.
3. How are glucose levels regulated in the body?
4. Provide examples of foods that are rich in glucose.

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