Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)

Potassium hydroxide, also known as caustic potash, is a strong base commonly used in industry and laboratories. It is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KOH. It is a white, deliquescent solid at room temperature, and it is highly soluble in water, producing an exothermic reaction.

Properties of Potassium Hydroxide

• Chemical Formula: KOH
• Molar Mass: 56.11 g/mol
• Appearance: White, deliquescent solid
• Solubility: Highly soluble in water
• pH: Highly basic (pH > 14)
• Odor: Odorless

Applications of Potassium Hydroxide

Potassium hydroxide has numerous industrial and laboratory applications, including:

• Manufacturing of soaps and detergents
• Electroplating and metal cleaning
• Chemical synthesis and manufacturing processes
• pH regulation in various industries
• Biodiesel production
• As an electrolyte in alkaline batteries

Chemical Reactions of Potassium Hydroxide

Potassium hydroxide is a strong base and undergoes various chemical reactions, including:

1. Neutralization Reactions: When KOH reacts with acids, it forms salts and water.
2. Saponification: KOH is used in the saponification process to produce soaps from fats and oils.
3. Hydrolysis: KOH readily hydrolyzes in water to produce hydroxide ions, which makes it a strong alkaline solution.

Precautions and Handling

When handling potassium hydroxide, it is important to take the following precautions:

• Use protective gloves and eyewear to prevent skin and eye contact.
• Avoid inhalation of KOH dust or vapors, as it can cause respiratory irritation.
• Store in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials.
• Handle with care to avoid spills and exposure to moisture.

Study Guide Questions

1. What is the chemical formula of potassium hydroxide?
2. Describe the appearance of solid potassium hydroxide at room temperature.
3. Explain the solubility of potassium hydroxide in water.
4. List three industrial applications of potassium hydroxide.
5. What type of chemical reactions does potassium hydroxide undergo?
6. What precautions should be taken when handling potassium hydroxide?

Feel free to use this study guide to enhance your understanding of potassium hydroxide. If you have any further questions, please don't hesitate to ask!