Methanol

Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, is a simple alcohol with the chemical formula CH3OH. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a mild, sweet odor. Methanol is the simplest alcohol, consisting of a methyl group (CH3) linked to a hydroxyl group (OH).

Physical Properties

Methanol has a boiling point of 64.7°C and a melting point of -97.6°C. It is highly soluble in water and many organic solvents. Methanol is flammable and burns with a colorless, non-luminous flame.

Chemical Properties

Methanol can undergo various chemical reactions, including oxidation, esterification, and dehydration. It can be oxidized to formic acid and formaldehyde. Methanol can also react with carboxylic acids to form methyl esters. Furthermore, it can undergo dehydration to form dimethyl ether.

Uses

Methanol is utilized in a variety of applications, including as a solvent, antifreeze, fuel, and as a feedstock for the production of chemicals such as formaldehyde and acetic acid. It is also used in the production of biodiesel and as a denaturant for ethanol.

Health and Safety

Methanol is toxic to humans and can cause severe health effects if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. It is important to handle methanol with care and use appropriate personal protective equipment when working with this substance.

Study Guide

When studying methanol, it is important to understand its physical and chemical properties, as well as its uses and potential health hazards. Be sure to review the various reactions that methanol can undergo, including oxidation and esterification. Additionally, familiarize yourself with the safety precautions and measures to be taken when handling methanol in a laboratory or industrial setting.