Nitrates

Nitrates are chemical compounds made up of nitrogen and oxygen atoms. They are commonly found in fertilizers, explosives, and food preservatives.

Chemical Structure

The chemical formula for nitrates is NO3-. This means it consists of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms, with a negative charge to balance the three positive charges from the three oxygen atoms.

Uses of Nitrates

Nitrates are widely used in agriculture as a source of nitrogen for plants. They are also used in the production of explosives such as dynamite and in the preservation of meats to prevent bacterial growth.

Environmental Impact

Excessive use of nitrates in fertilizers can lead to water pollution, as they can leach into groundwater and surface water, causing eutrophication, which is the excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants.

Health Effects

Ingesting high levels of nitrates through contaminated water or food can lead to a condition called methemoglobinemia, or "blue baby syndrome," especially in infants. It reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen, leading to a bluish discoloration of the skin and potentially serious health effects.

Study Guide

1. Define the chemical formula for nitrates.
2. Discuss the uses of nitrates in agriculture and other industries.
3. Explain the environmental impact of nitrates and how they contribute to water pollution.
4. Describe the health effects of nitrates and the condition known as methemoglobinemia.
5. Discuss the ways to mitigate the environmental and health impacts of nitrates.