Organelles

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions. They are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and are essential for the cell's survival and proper functioning.

Nucleus

The nucleus is often referred to as the control center of the cell. It contains the cell's genetic material, or DNA, which carries the instructions for the cell's activities. The nucleus is also responsible for coordinating cell division and regulating the cell's activities.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes that is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids. There are two types of ER: rough ER, which has ribosomes attached to its surface and is involved in protein synthesis, and smooth ER, which is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification of certain chemicals.

Golgi Apparatus

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport to their final destinations within or outside the cell.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell. They are responsible for generating energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration.

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They are involved in breaking down cellular waste and foreign materials, as well as recycling cellular components.

Chloroplasts (in plant cells)

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Study Guide:

Define organelles and explain their significance in a cell.
Describe the structure and function of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and chloroplasts (in plant cells).
Compare and contrast the functions of the different organelles and their roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Explain the importance of organelles in cellular processes such as protein synthesis, energy production, and waste disposal.
Discuss the interdependence of organelles and how their coordinated activities contribute to the overall functioning of a cell.

◂Physics Worksheets and Study Guides High School. Light

The resources above cover the following skills:

PHYSICAL SCIENCE (NGSS)

Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

Students who demonstrate understanding can:

Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model, and that for some situations one model is more useful than the other.