Butane

Butane is a hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C₄H₁₀. It is a colorless, flammable gas that is commonly used as a fuel in portable stoves, cigarette lighters, and other applications.

Structure

Butane is an alkane, which means it consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked together by single covalent bonds. The molecular structure of butane is a chain of four carbon atoms with ten hydrogen atoms attached to them.

Physical Properties

• State: Butane is a gas at room temperature and pressure.
• Odor: It has a faint, gasoline-like odor.
• Solubility: It is sparingly soluble in water but is soluble in organic solvents.
• Boiling Point: -0.5°C
• Melting Point: -138.3°C

Chemical Properties

Butane undergoes combustion reactions to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of butane is:

C₄H₁₀ + 6.5O₂ → 4CO₂ + 5H₂O

Uses

Butane is primarily used as a fuel. It is commonly found in small, portable containers for use in camping stoves, lighters, and torches. It is also used as a propellant in aerosol sprays and as a refrigerant in certain applications.

Safety Considerations

Butane is highly flammable and should be handled with care. It should be stored and used in a well-ventilated area, away from sources of ignition.

Study Guide

When studying butane, it's important to understand its chemical structure, physical and chemical properties, uses, and safety considerations. Practice writing and balancing chemical equations for the combustion of butane. Be familiar with the various applications of butane as a fuel and understand the safety precautions associated with its use.

Additionally, it's helpful to explore the environmental impact of butane use and potential alternatives for its applications.

Finally, consider conducting experiments to observe the combustion of butane and analyze the products formed.