Digestion

Digestion is the process by which the food we eat is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. It involves both mechanical and chemical processes and occurs in the digestive system.

Mechanical Digestion

Mechanical digestion involves the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces. This process begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva to form a bolus, which is then swallowed and moves to the stomach. In the stomach, the food is further broken down by the churning action of the stomach muscles.

Chemical Digestion

Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food through the action of enzymes and acids. In the mouth, salivary amylase begins the digestion of carbohydrates. In the stomach, gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and pepsin break down proteins. The partially digested food then moves to the small intestine, where it is mixed with bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas to further break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Organs Involved in Digestion

The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Each of these organs plays a specific role in the process of digestion.

Study Guide

1. What is digestion?
2. Describe the process of mechanical digestion.
3. Explain the role of enzymes in chemical digestion.
4. List the organs involved in digestion and their functions.
5. Compare and contrast mechanical and chemical digestion.
6. Discuss the importance of proper digestion for overall health.

Understanding the process of digestion is essential for understanding how the body obtains nutrients from the food we eat. It also provides insights into the importance of maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle for overall well-being.