Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity. It is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein or set of proteins. Genes are the basic unit of inheritance and play a crucial role in determining the traits and characteristics of an organism.
Structure of a Gene
A gene consists of a specific sequence of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. This sequence contains the information needed to produce a particular protein. Genes can vary in size and complexity, ranging from a few hundred to several thousand nucleotides.
Function of Genes
Genes serve as the blueprint for the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells and tissues. They control various biological processes, including growth, development, and metabolism. Genes also play a role in determining an organism's traits, such as eye color, blood type, and susceptibility to certain diseases.
Study Guide
- Define gene and explain its significance in heredity.
- Describe the structure of a gene, including the role of nucleotides.
- Explain the function of genes in protein synthesis and cellular processes.
- Discuss the impact of genes on phenotype and genetic traits.
- Explore the relationship between genes and inheritance patterns.
- Investigate the role of genes in genetic disorders and diseases.
