Cartilage: Structure and Function

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue found throughout the body. It is a firm, flexible, and avascular tissue that provides support and cushioning to the joints and other structures. Cartilage is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes, which are embedded in a matrix of collagen and proteoglycans.

There are three main types of cartilage:

1. Hyaline cartilage: Found in the nose, trachea, and the ends of long bones, hyaline cartilage provides a smooth surface for joint movement and flexibility.
2. Elastic cartilage: This type of cartilage contains elastic fibers, making it more flexible. It is found in the external ear and the epiglottis.
3. Fibrocartilage: The toughest type of cartilage, fibrocartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and the knee joint, providing both support and shock absorption.

Functions of Cartilage:

Cartilage serves several important functions in the body:

• Joint support: Cartilage provides a smooth, low-friction surface for joint movement.
• Shock absorption: It helps absorb and distribute forces, protecting the underlying bone and other tissues.
• Growth and development: Cartilage is involved in the growth of long bones and the development of the skeleton in embryos.
• Framework for soft tissues: It serves as a framework for structures such as the nose, ears, and trachea.

Study Guide:

To understand cartilage thoroughly, it is important to focus on the following key points:

1. Types of cartilage and their locations in the body.
2. The structure and composition of cartilage, including the roles of chondrocytes, collagen, and proteoglycans.
3. The functions of cartilage and its importance in joint health, growth, and development.
4. Common cartilage-related disorders and injuries, such as osteoarthritis and cartilage tears, and their impact on overall health.

Studying cartilage will provide a deeper understanding of the skeletal system, joint mechanics, and overall body function.