Electrical

Introduction to Electrical Concepts

Electricity is a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.

Basic Concepts

Electric Charge: All matter is made up of atoms, which in turn are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons are neutral. The unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C).

Electric Current: The flow of electric charge. The unit of electric current is the ampere (A).

Voltage: The difference in electric potential between two points. The unit of voltage is the volt (V).

Resistance: The opposition to the flow of electric current. The unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω).

Ohm's Law: This law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Mathematically, it is expressed as: V = I * R, where V is the voltage, I is the current, and R is the resistance.

Circuits

Series Circuit: A circuit in which the components are connected end-to-end, so that the current flows through each component in turn. The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.

Parallel Circuit: A circuit in which the components are connected across common points, so that the current divides and flows through multiple paths. The total resistance in a parallel circuit is less than the smallest individual resistance.