Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda or lye, is a highly caustic metallic base and alkali chemical compound. It is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaOH.

Physical Properties

• Molecular Weight: 40.00 g/mol
• Appearance: White, opaque solid
• Odor: Odorless
• Solubility: Soluble in water
• Melting Point: 318 °C
• Boiling Point: 1,388 °C

Chemical Properties

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base and a key ingredient in many chemical processes. It is highly reactive and has numerous industrial and laboratory applications. Some of its chemical properties include:

• It readily reacts with acids to form salts and water in a process known as neutralization.
• It is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air.
• It is a powerful dehydrating agent.
• It is used in the production of various organic and inorganic compounds, including soaps, detergents, and paper.

Uses

Sodium hydroxide has a wide range of applications in various industries, including:

• Chemical manufacturing
• Soap and detergent production
• Paper and pulp industry
• Textile processing
• Water treatment
• Food production (e.g., in the processing of vegetables and fruits)

Safety Precautions

Due to its caustic nature, sodium hydroxide can cause severe burns upon contact with skin or eyes. When handling sodium hydroxide, it is important to take the following safety precautions:

• Wear protective gloves, goggles, and clothing.
• Avoid inhaling its dust or vapors.
• Handle it in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood.
• If it comes into contact with skin or eyes, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention immediately.

Study Guide

When studying sodium hydroxide, it is important to familiarize yourself with its properties, uses, and safety considerations. Here are some key points to focus on:

1. Understand the chemical structure and formula of sodium hydroxide.
2. Learn about the physical and chemical properties of sodium hydroxide, including its reactivity and solubility.
3. Explore the various industrial and laboratory applications of sodium hydroxide.
4. Review the safety precautions and handling guidelines for working with sodium hydroxide.
5. Consider conducting experiments or demonstrations to observe the properties and reactions of sodium hydroxide in a controlled setting.