Homo Erectus: An Overview

Homo erectus is an extinct species of archaic human that lived approximately 1.9 million to 70,000 years ago. They are believed to be one of the first early human species to have migrated out of Africa. Homo erectus is known for their advanced tool-making abilities and their adaptability to different environments.

Physical Characteristics

Homo erectus had a larger braincase and a more modern human-like body structure compared to earlier hominin species. They had a height ranging from about 5'6" to 6'1" and had a robust build. Their skull had a prominent brow ridge and a low, sloping forehead. Their limbs were proportioned for long-distance walking and running, indicating a more efficient mode of locomotion compared to earlier hominins.

Tool Making

Homo erectus is associated with the Acheulean stone tool industry, which included the development of the hand axe. These tools were more advanced and sophisticated than those used by earlier hominin species, indicating a significant advancement in cognitive abilities and technological innovation.

Migrations

Homo erectus is believed to have been the first hominin species to expand their range out of Africa. Fossil evidence suggests that they migrated to parts of Asia and Europe, adapting to diverse environments and climates. This ability to migrate and adapt to different landscapes is a significant achievement in human evolution.

Study Guide

1. Describe the physical characteristics of Homo erectus and compare them to earlier hominin species.
2. Explain the significance of the Acheulean stone tool industry and the role of Homo erectus in its development.
3. Analyze the migration patterns of Homo erectus and their ability to adapt to different environments.
4. Discuss the cultural and technological advancements associated with Homo erectus and their impact on human evolution.
5. Compare and contrast Homo erectus with other hominin species in terms of their cognitive abilities, tool-making techniques, and adaptability.