Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Sodium chloride is a compound formed from the ionic bonding of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms. It is commonly known as table salt and is essential for various biological processes in the human body.

Chemical Properties

Sodium chloride has the chemical formula NaCl. It is a white, crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly soluble in water. When dissolved in water, it dissociates into sodium cations (Na⁺) and chloride anions (Cl^-).

Physical Properties

• Molecular weight: 58.44 g/mol
• Melting point: 801°C
• Boiling point: 1465°C
• Density: 2.17 g/cm³

Uses

Sodium chloride has numerous industrial and domestic uses, including:

• Food seasoning and preservation
• Water softening
• Chemical production
• De-icing of roads and walkways
• Medical applications

Study Guide

When studying sodium chloride, it's important to focus on the following key points:

1. The formation of sodium chloride through ionic bonding between sodium and chlorine atoms.
2. The physical and chemical properties of sodium chloride, including its molecular weight, melting and boiling points, and solubility in water.
3. The role of sodium chloride in biological processes and its importance in maintaining electrolyte balance in the human body.
4. The various uses of sodium chloride in industry, food, and medicine.

Additionally, it's beneficial to understand the principles of ionic bonding and how it differs from covalent bonding in molecules.