Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. It is a non-metal that can be found in various forms, including white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus. Phosphorus is essential for life and is a key component of DNA, RNA, and ATP, which are important molecules for the functioning of living organisms.

Physical Properties of Phosphorus

Appearance: Phosphorus exists in several allotropic forms. White phosphorus is a waxy, white solid. Red phosphorus is a red powder. Black phosphorus is a black, metallic-looking solid.
Melting Point: White phosphorus melts at 44.1°C, red phosphorus melts at 590°C, and black phosphorus melts at 2,200°C.
Boiling Point: White phosphorus boils at 280°C.

Chemical Properties of Phosphorus

Reactivity: Phosphorus is highly reactive and can spontaneously ignite in air. White phosphorus is particularly pyrophoric.
Combustion: When exposed to oxygen, white phosphorus burns with a bright flame, producing phosphorus pentoxide.
Acid-Base Properties: Phosphorus can react with both acids and bases to form various phosphates.

Uses of Phosphorus

Phosphorus has several important uses, including:

As a component of fertilizers to promote plant growth
In the production of matches, fireworks, and incendiary devices
In the manufacturing of detergents and soaps
In the production of phosphoric acid for use in food and beverage products

Study Guide

When studying phosphorus, it's important to understand its physical and chemical properties, as well as its significance in biological systems and its various industrial applications. Key topics to focus on include:

The different forms of phosphorus and their properties
The reactivity of phosphorus and its combustion reactions
The role of phosphorus in biological molecules such as DNA, RNA, and ATP
The uses of phosphorus in industry and agriculture

Be sure to review the structure of phosphorus compounds, its reactivity with other elements, and its environmental and health considerations.

◂Physics Worksheets and Study Guides High School. Work and Energy

The resources above cover the following skills:

PHYSICAL SCIENCE (NGSS)

Energy

Students who demonstrate understanding can:

Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields.